What is political science?

 

What is political science?

At the municipal, state, national, and international levels, political science focuses on the philosophy and practice of governance and politics. We are committed to advancing knowledge of the structures, processes, and relationships that make up public life, as well as inquiry methods that encourage citizenship.

As a discipline, political science extends beyond the politics that are conducted in a national legislature. Politics can be defined both broadly and narrowly. Narrow: National and international politics. Interactions between humans involve a variety of power relationships of various kinds. As political scientists, we are experts in power and power relationships of all kinds. In a broad sense, political scientists study politics, because politics is the new way of living a new normal life.

 

Importance of political science

 

All of us live in political systems, and we are affected by changes in the global political economy, which makes political science important. With the advent of globalization, individuals all around the world have been increasingly interested in learning about other countries' political systems.

 

 

Political science topics

There are several political science topics but here we are going to talk about the important ones. The political science topics about which everyone should know about are listed below:

Behavioral Approach to parties’ comparison

                                                             

Empirical research as a methodology is part of the behavioral revolution. In recent years, political development studies have yielded a wealth of information about global social and political conditions. Policies are being systematically expanded through the collection of comparable variant databases. In this volume, institutional changes, legislative behavior, and other implementations are cited as examples of these changes.

 

Cultural Pressure between the United States & Japan

 

Let us look at the following points for understanding it:

·        A service charge or tipping between 15 and 20 percent is generally unspoken in the United States due to the low minimum wage level. Tipping is almost nonexistent in Japan, and when it does occur, it's extremely rare In some cases, tipping can be viewed as an insult to the employee's salary.

·        Americans are more satisfied with their accomplishments and strive to achieve the American dream whereas Japan believes in forming groups.

·        Free speech and the right to question authority are well known in the United States. Japanese culture is more relational than American culture.

 

Soviet Union Ideology

 

The Soviet Union established this ideology and this point of view. Joseph Stalin was the leader of the Soviet Union during World War II. With Stalin as its ultimate dictator, the Soviet Union was a one-party state formed via revolution and civil conflict. Stalin was concerned that capitalist powers like the US would destroy the Soviet Union and communism.

 

 

 

It is not possible to study political science topics in isolation since all branches of sociology are tasked with explaining the doubts of people and the state. They share a common goal of understanding how political systems work and how politics and governance operate.

 

Read the post thoroughly and share your thoughts on it. Share the post with your peers.

 

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Inquiry projects

 Research Topic:

Module (FY028): Inquiry-Based Learning

ASSIGNMENT TITLE: CW1: Inquiry Project (Business)

Name:

Student Number:

Lecturer’s Name:

Submission Date: 27th May 2021

Executive Summary

 

 

Table of Contents

1.       Introduction…………………………………………………………………

2.       Literature Review…………………………………………………………

3.       Methodology……………………………………………………………….

4.       Results / Discussion……………………………………………………..

5.       Recommendations……………………………………………………….

6.       Conclusions ……………………………………………………………......

7.       References/bibliography………………………………………………

8.       Appendices (optional)…………………………………………………..

               List of Tables…………………………………………………………………

               List of Charts…………………………………………………………………

Research Title:

1.       Introduction

Aim of the report/research (purpose of research?)

- State the importance of the topic (Why have you chosen this topic?)

- Briefly provide some background information

(This could be about the chosen organization of choice and the reason for choosing a company. You could briefly mention here how this organization relates to the topic of research).

- Clarify the concept/ terminologies (briefly state how you intend on carrying out research (do not explain techniques or methods here).

Objectives of research

What is the question you want to answer? What do you want to find out?

1.

2. List them.

3.

2. Literature Review

In this section, you should report the work that has already been done on your topic. Explain how other people’s research is relevant to yours.

Write in an analytical (essay) style. compare, and contrast the information you may find on the topic.

 You can find the related literature on books, journals, official websites, etc.

 

3.       Methodologies

In this section, you should clearly state how you carried out your investigation. You need to describe what you did to conduct your investigation and follow a step-by-step procedure of what you did.

 

Explain:

1. Primary data

2. Secondary data

3. Quantitative technique

4. Qualitative technique

 

Which of the above research methods will your research/report include?

 

The areas below will help you to complete this section

 

• How have you collected data / information for your research topic/area?

• What are the sources of information?

- E.g., Did you use online sources /books/ journals/newspapers, etc?

• Are the data primary or secondary or both?

• Are the data qualitative or quantitative or both?

• State the benefits of your data/information collection methods.

- E.g., If you collected information from books and journals; explain the benefits.

- If you collected secondary data; explain its benefits

 

Limitations

• State the limitations (if any) of your research. For e.g.

- If you have only collected secondary data / information

- If you have collected primary data, review how reliable this is. (Refer to what the assignment task has suggested for your primary research)

 

4.       Results and Discussion (E.g., from any data from Methodologies)

This is the section you interpret and explain your results, offering possible reasons as to why you got the findings you did, providing evidence to back up your explanations.

• Present the finding of your research. You can use text, graphs, or diagrams. (graphs, pie or bar charts, etc., can be put into Appendices. This is after your referencing list. However, you must let the reader know in this section they are there.)

• Give each graph/table a title and provide a description of the information demonstrated

• Discuss what your findings mean by supporting the explanation with previous research.

 

5.       Recommendations (use bullet points)

• What is the recommendation for action?

• Let readers know what they (chosen organization) should do because of the investigation and result.

 

6.       Conclusion (overall evaluation within this section)

 

• Summary of the main points of your research, the key points you have made, telling the reader why your findings are important, in one paragraph, ending with the message that you want to leave your readers with. This is where you ask yourself “So what do my findings show, what does this mean and why should the reader care?”

• Suggestions for future research.

 

7.       References

List all your sources in alphabetical order, using the Harvard Referencing style.

!!Please ensure you utilize Library Resources (via LSST connect) to source quality materials, DO NOT produce your research is based on websites only!!

 

8.       Appendices (this is optional)

 

Please Note:

Written work submitted as part of this assignment should be presented in Arial 12, 1.5 line spacing. Required word count: 2000. (PDF SUBMISSION ONLY)

 

It is expected that the report (including any other requirements will be around 2000 words: 650 words for the trends in retail, 650 for the analysis of the organization and 650 for the recommendations / conclusion).

Please Note: Suggestion

Introduction: 250 words

Literature Review: 650 words

Methodology / Data Results – 550 words

Recommendation / conclusion: 550

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Control of Linear Systems

 This assignment should be written as an academic report, with all working shown and explanations given for each step taken. Marks will be awarded for correct understanding of the subject and mathematical calculations from each step, but not for the final answers, if it is not obvious how the answers are obtained. All sources of information should be correctly referenced.

1. This question relates to the system represented in the following block diagram, where 𝑁 is a number representing the last two digits of your student registration number.

2. Given a system having the following state-space model:

(a) Draw its simulation diagram, containing no vectors, matrices, or transfer functions other

(b) By reducing the simulation diagram to a transfer function using block diagram reduction techniques (i.e. not by using the rank tests), determine and explain any values of the gain a11 for which the system would be:

(i) unstable.

(ii) uncontrollable.

(iii) unobservable.

(c) Confirm the results of parts (b) (ii) and (iii) using rank tests.

3. A system has a transfer function

(a) Obtain a state-space model of the system

(b) There are several ways of showing that this system is unstable. Your task is to stabilise it

using state variable feedback (SVF) design, assuming that you can measure all the state variables. Here are some matters to consider when designing the SVF controller. Your responses to these will depend on your state space model and, even if you have generated the same model as a colleague, you still have an infinite number of choices for the closed- loop pole locations, for example, so different solutions are quite likely.

• Is it necessary to perform a controllability test? If so, do it, if not, why not?
• Is it necessary to perform a stabilisability test? If so, do it, if not, why not?
• Is it necessary to perform an observability test? If so, do it, if not, why not?
• Where are you going to place your closed-loop poles, and why

(c) Produce a simulation diagram of the closed-loop system determined in (b), containing no vectors, matrices, or transfer functions other than simple integrators and gain blocks, showing how your controller interfaces with the plant.

(d) Work out whether your controlled system will exhibit any steady-state error following a step input (I have in mind an analytical solution, but doing it by simulation is OK so long as you provide all relevant details). Describe (but do not design) how a tracking controller could be designed to overcome such behaviour.

4. 

A lateral beam guidance system has an inner loop as shown in Figure Q4, where the transfer function for the coordinated aircraft is

23

𝐺(𝑠) ---------- = 

𝑠 +N

and 𝑁 is a number representing the last two digits of your student registration number. Consider the PI controller

(a) Design a control system to meet both of the following specifications:

• Settling time (with a 2% criterion) to a unit step input of less than 1 
• second; Steady-state tracking error for a unit ramp input of less than 0.1.

(b) Verify the design by a Simulink simulation.

Note: Although you will probably consult colleagues, notes, books and staff during the execution of this assignment, the work you hand in MUST BE DONE BY YOURSELF. The University takes cheating very seriously and the appropriate investigation procedures will be invoked if necessary!

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